Various researches on laboratory and field scale illustrate that manipulating the ionic composition and the ion concentration of injected water can affect the efficiency of water flooding and the interaction of injected water with rock and other fluids present in porous media. The objectives of this paper are to investigate parameters that affect low salinity water flooding; mainly the effect of injecting water salinity on and the potential of low salinity water flooding for oil Recovery in secondary Recovery mode are studied. The effect of pH and differential pressure across the Core are used to explain the mechanism of fine migration phenomena. The Recovery results of formation water injection were compared for the seawater, formation water with a salinity of 0.1 and 0.01, and when divalent ions were removed from the formation water with a salinity of 0.01 to investigate the effect of divalent ions on oil Recovery. Different types of crude oil were used for investigating the effect crude oil properties on oil Recovery. Seawater injection resulted in lowest oil Recovery of 2.6% and the reduction of water salinity of formation water from 0.1 to 0.01 resulted in an improvement of 4% and 7.7% in oil Recovery respectively. Removing divalent ions from the injected water decreased the improving effect of low salinity water flooding. In addition, both types of crude oil responded to low salinity flooding and no straight correlation was seen between acid number and the improving effect of low salinity water flooding.

The surfactants produced by bacteria are known as bio surfactants. Low toxicity and high biodegradability are among the main characteristics of these surface active materials. These features make bio surfactants potential alternatives for chemically synthesized surfactants in a variety of applications such as microbial enhanced oil Recovery. One of the best known bio surfactants, i.e. surfactin, is a cyclic lip opeptide produced by various strains of Bacillus subtilis. In this work, the production of sur- factin by Bacillus subtilis NLiM 0110 isolated from an Iranian agricultural area was studied. The produced surfactin showed a good surface activity and was able to reduce the surface tension of water from 69 mN/m to 26 mN/m and the interfacial tension from 38 mN/m to 2 mN/m at 50 mg/I (CMC concentration). The oil spread- ing technique showed that the diameter of appeared clear zone on the oil layer increased immediately as the produced bio surfactant was added at CMC concen- tration. Also, in visual experiments, the effect of produced surfactin on enhanced oil Recovery was studied using a micro model. Oil displacement experiments in the micro model with crude oil showed a Recovery of residual oil around 10.1 % after water flooding when the bio surfactant of Bacillus subtilis NLiM 0110 was added. Moreover, 4.9% of the original oil in place was recovered using this bio surfactant after water flooding in the Core. These results suggest that the produced bio surfactant is an appropriate candidate for enhanced oil Recovery.

Core banking system is a fundamental solution for the centralized Core  of  banking business, the main solution to centralize all data and critical processes. So that the changes create new services, responding to customer needs and also provides the necessary information to better manage organization in less time and with most Accuracy. But, implementation and deployment in bank faces with serious challenges.  This Thesis also outlines the dimensions and angles of the banking system, establish Obstacles of this system in Sepah Bank were discussed. the main obstacles classified to four financial, technological, social / cultural and managerial. And the effectiveness of each system was investigated. this research done at the 150 community levels involved in deploying a Core banking, including Sepah Bank, Bank Subsidiaries and contracted personnel. A questionnaire with 26 questions was distributed among 85 cases of which 60 were full questionnaire. Questions were designed on the basis of the whole five-point Likert situation. According to prove normal distribution of data T-parametric tests were used to prove the hypothesis. The results showed that technological and managerial factors in the establishment of a Core banking system are more effective at Sepah Bank, in priority. However, the influence of social / cultural and financial establishment of a Core system of banking in Bank Sepah was not proved.

Interpreting Core samples is a critical task in mineral exploration, essential for mine planning and design. Core Recovery (CR) and Rock Quality Designation (RQD) are key factors in assessing the geomechanical properties of a deposit during coring operations. This is particularly important in porphyry deposits, which are notable for hosting significant, deep copper mines. The accurate determination and interpretation of Core Recovery and RQD are crucial for these porphyry deposits. This study applied number-size (N-S) fractal modelling to enhance the interpretation of Core Recovery and RQD in ongoing exploratory drilling at the Sungun porphyry deposit, a prominent copper mine in Iran. Our findings revealed that Core Recovery and RQD exhibited a multifractal nature. Key zones for Core Recovery and RQD began at thresholds of 75% and 63%, respectively, with high-intensity zones for both parameters started at 89%. Additionally, the study explored correlations between these zones and other drilling parameters, such as mud flush return, drilling time, and Core length, using an overall accuracy (OA) matrix. These parameters were analyzed using the N-S fractal model, indicated a strong relationship between Core Recovery, Core length, flush returns, and drilling time. This integrative approach enhances our understanding of the deposit's geomechanical properties and guides more effective exploration strategies.

Introduction. The effect of reformatory reduction on seal and retention of the cemented post with zinc phosphate cement considered in four different times.Methods. After tooth preparing, supply of molding post and cement, the reformatory reduction performed on samples except control group. The starting times are as follows: 1. Immediately after cementing; 2. Six minutes after cementing; 3. One hour after cementing; And 4. 24 hour after cementing. Thensamples are kept in normal saline, in 37c,moisture 100%. In order to close test qualificauon to normal condition of mouth, after reduction completion, the samples go under the termocyclic operation. Then dye penetration, sample incision and amount of leakage, considered by reflective microscope.Results. The dye penetration"s average in different groups has has meaningful difference. The group which has no meaningful difference with control group, is that on which reformatory reduction has performed 24 hour after post Core cementing. The others have meaningful difference with control group. There is no meaningful difference between two consecutive groups on which reformatory reduction performed in different times.Discussion. We recommend cememted post-Core after final setting of cement

Introduction: Application of proper approaches as a logical framework for creating Core curriculum prevents making additional information in curricula. This study aimed to introduce some useful approaches for determining Core curriculum in medical science.Methods: This review study was done by electronic searching (PubMed, ERIC, Google Scholar) as well as manual searching (library resources). key words were Core curriculum, approach and outcome-based curriculum.Results: 105 papers were obtained.32 cases were eligible according to considered criteria. So far, Curriculum planners have adopted or proposed several approaches for determining Core curriculum in medical education. This review introduced some effective approaches in medical education.Conclusion: Curriculum planners need to use effective approaches in medical education in order to provide essential and required content for learners according to community needs. It is necessary for them to consider curriculum revision and reduction of extra curriculum content.

Background: Kienbock disease is characterized by avascular necrosis of the lunate bone. Without treatment, it is usually progressive. While many factors may predispose to Kienbock's disease, it is likely caused by a combination of repetitive loading, vascular risk and mechanical predisposition. Treatments therefore have been designed to decrease compressive loading of the lunate, to prevent lunate collapse, and to allow lunate revascularization. There has been a suggested different treatment, no treatment has ever been proved successful and the rate of surgical complication is relatively high. In this study we performed a new surgical method in the treatment of Kienbock disease. In this method we performed lunate decompression which is a very simple procedure and has no potential complication.Methods: in this study, 11 patients with Kienbock disease in the stage of I to IIIb were surgically treated by a new method of lunate Core decompression. The pain, range of motion, functional disability and radiographic indices of the patients were evaluated after two years.Results: the average age of patients were 29 years, 8 (72%) were men. The mean pre-operative pain sCore (VAS) diminished from 87.5 to 13.5 postoperatively (p<0.001) and DASH sCore from 84 to 14 (p<0.001) and range of motion was also significantly improved.7 (63%) persons were very satisfied, 2 (18%) were satisfied and 2 (18%) were not much changed.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the new surgical treatment of lunate Core decompression could probably be a simple and effective treatment of Kienbock disease without any potential complication.